The Reign Of The Roman Empire - 1248 Words

After the reign of the Roman Empire had come to an end, Europe was faced with many shortcomings, and as if their continuous belligerence in war was not enough, they were also faced with an extreme scarcity of food and a plethora of fatal diseases. However amidst these troubles it was apparent they still housed some great men and women who will one day rise up to be the ones to deliver their homeland from the wicked hands of their troubles. These bold men and women whom will eventually lead Europe to their long awaited glorious redemption. The roman empire suffered invasions after invasions as franks , Saxons, Goths and other enemies ravaged through their city in the fifth century. These invaders launched mass attacks and took whatever they wanted from the deteriorating Roman Empire, leaving the once great Rome in nothing but shambles. After they had finished their barbaric activities, they then sought to more enticing locations to continue their doings, leaving Rome violated and dest itute. In desperate need of protection from further invasion, the people of Rome formulated a mutualistic system called the feudal system. Feudalism has several definitions, but the one we would talk about is that of which was associated with Western Europe. The people invented this system in hopes that it would provide a solution for both parties that had one way or the other been victims of the fallen empire. These two parties involved members of the higher class andShow MoreRelatedThe Reign Of The Roman Empire Essay2041 Words   |  9 Pagespersecution from the Roman Empire, the most notable and most severe period being the Diocletian Persecution in which an estimate of about twenty thousand Christians died. All of this changed when a man by the name of Constantine came into power at the beginning of the fourth century. Constantine was the first roman emperor to openly favor Christianity. His favor and patronage changed the situation Christianity had faced ever since its founding, he was crucial to its development. His reign also marked theRead MoreThe Reign Of The Holy Roman Empire1458 Words   |  6 PagesOn Chri stmas day of 800 A.D., Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne the Holy Roman Emperor. This pivotal, but not necessarily wanted, moment in the history of the Catholic Church set up a precedent for very strong relations between the Holy Roman Emperor and the papacy. During the eleventh century, with the Holy Roman Emperor ruled by Henry IV, relations with the papacy came to a front over several disagreement between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. Their arguments mainly focused on the power that eachRead MoreAdministration of Roman Empire During Augustus Reign835 Words   |  4 PagesAdministration of the Empire Much chaos surrounded Rome with the fall of the Roman Republic. After seizing Egypt, Octavian returned to Rome and became the first emperor of the Roman Empire in 27 BCE. â€Å"His restructuring of the senatorial and equestrian orders, and the subsequent emulation between the two, provided the human resources, power dynamics, and incentives necessary for his administration†. It was easier for Augustus to carryout such major changes in administration because there was a universalRead MoreEdward Gibbon s Declaration Of The Reign1444 Words   |  6 PagesEdward Gibbon’s declaration of the reign of the Five Good Emperors being the â€Å"most happy and prosperous† time in the history of the human race bases its claims on what could be viewed as â€Å"superficial† aspects of the empire. When studying the Roman Empire, it’s difficult to not admire the stunning works, such as the House of Fawn in Herculaneum or Hadrian’s Villa. The wealth needed to create such places indicates the prosperity within the empire during this time. Gibbons claimed understanding on happinessRead MoreRoman Empire1506 Words   |  7 Pages  The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors, and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa, and Asia. The 500 year old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victoryRead MoreThe Rise Of The Middle Ages Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pagesway to the rise of the Carolingian empire. I would argue the characteristics of the middle ages include a real shift in culture and religion, while seeing the dominant influence that Christianity had on culture. Personally, I think that the reign of the emperor Constantine is what really began the shift into the middle ages. Under Constantine, we see a transformation of religion, culture and politics. In the centuries leading up to Constantine, the Roman Empire was having many ups and downs. TheRead MoreDecline And Fall Of The Roman Empire1310 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the Roman Empire was the greatest Empire in history. They destroyed their enemies and took their land. They had control of the Mediterranean Sea and all of the trade that went through it. Places like the Pantheon were constructed and laws such as stare decisis were created. The Roman Empire was an empire that many people wanted to live under. Then, like all empires eventually do, it fell. Looking at history, there are nine possible reasons for the decline and fall of the Roman Empire. The firstRead MoreConstantine the Ruler of the Roman Empire1626 Words   |  7 Pages Constantine the ruler of the Roman Empire had been surrounded by many controversies during his reign (Cameron, 14). He was the son of a great warrior and he defeated Manutius a great ruler at Milia Bridge. He had gained much respect and admiration among the Romans as a fair ruler. He emerged as a ruler who supported Christianity and then became popular as a Christian ruler himself. His reign and victory over the Roman Empire is a significant event in the history of Christian religion. With theRead More Justinian I Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesJustinian’s famous rule, which lasted from 527 A.D. through 565 A.D. (The Reign of Justinian). The reign of Justinian was significant in many ways. First of all, it marked the final end of the Roman Empire. It was the establishment of the New Byzantine empire. It was also the beginning of Western Europe’s unique position within the civilization of the old world. The religion of Islam spread and the Franks rose to power (The Reign of Justinian). Among other things, Justinian’s rule saw a flourishmentRead MoreWas The First Emperor Of Rome So A Good Thing?1214 Words   |  5 Pagessystem of the Republic and created a new basis of Roman government that stood for three centuries. On his death bed Augustus was purported to have said: â€Å"Did I play my part well?† Through examination of his reforms of the Roman tax and legal system, as well as his role in creating the Pax Romana and a stable military it is evident that Augustus’s reing and reformes was a good thing. The success of the Roman Empire in the centuries after Augustus reign may be attributed to his public revenue reforms

Attachment Theory And Its Effect On Children Essay

INTRODUCTION To begin to understand the attachment theory one must first understand and have a clear definition of what attachment is. Attachment theory derives from psychoanalytic psychology, however it is used in social work to attempt to understand behavior in infancy and childhood to show the way in which children develop emotionally (WALKER 2009). It is the idea that a child needs to form a close relationship with at least one primary caregiver. This relationship will have a significant effect on how the child will adjust to their future relationships. The Attachment theory originates from the John Bowlby (1907 - 1990), a British psychoanalyst who was attempting to understand the intense distress experienced by infants who had been separated from their parents. He believes that the experiences in childhood effected the developed meant of children and their behavior right through their lives into adulthood. Attachment theory looks at the child’s bonds with their parents or caregivers and allows us to understand how this relationship affects the child. The theory states there is a human requirement to build relationships. It’s a part of being human and a part of us all. Our attachment can be broken down into four main aspects, which are proximity maintenance, safe haven, secure base, and parathion distress. ASPECTS OF ATTACHMENT 3:00 Proximity maintenance is the persons desire to be around or near the people they are attached to. We all want to be around those we knowShow MoreRelatedAttachment Theory And Attachment Theories1053 Words   |  5 Pages To begin with attachment theory, first everyone should understand what the attachment is. According to attachment means bonding between a child and caregiver or vice versa. The attachment theory is the theory that describes the long term interpersonal relationship between the humans. Also, it can be defined as the strong bond between parent and child, and later in peer and romantic relationship (Metzger, Erdman, Ng 85). It generates a specific fact that how the humans react in relationshipsRead MoreLearning Theory Of Attachment And The Other Being Bowlbys Evolution Theory1692 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment in later life. Attachment theories are studied and the effect of no attachment or disrupted attachment is studied and aimed to be resolved. John Bowl by defined attachment as the emotional and physical connection that makes two people stay close to one another. It is between children and their primary caregivers (Psychologistworld.com, 2016). This essay will discuss and evaluate two theories of attachment: one being Dollard and Miller’s learning theory of attachment and the other being Bowlby’sRead MoreThe Levels Of Social Work1314 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as a community. The levels of social work practice are not only related, but they influence each other and often display characteristics of a cause and effect relationship. This essay will explain how the levels of social work practice influence each other, followed by examples of this influence, particularly focusing on attachment theory. In conclusion, this essay will demonstrate how the relationship between the social work levels of practice can affect a social worker’s ability to stay inRead MoreAttachment Theory : A Psychological Model1638 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment theory is a psychological model that provides an influential, biologically driven explanation of how the parent-child interaction emerges and how it influences human deve lopment over a life span. The term attachment refers to the complex set of related thought processes and behaviors towards a primary care giver. The attachment behaviors are biologically guided by our natural instinct for protection and safety. This evolved behavioral system organizes human motivation, emotions, cognitionRead MoreAttachment And Its Effects On Children s Life1025 Words   |  5 PagesAttachment starts to develop since the women’s pregnancy, during this stage of human development the female starts to cultivate emotional attachment to the fetus. The method in which attachment is formed during gestation will eventually affect or enhance the child stance during pregnancy or even after birth. Attachment can be defined as the manner in which an infant creates an emotional connection between specific members. Attachment can be clearly detected, especially with the persons who are closerRead MoreAttachment Theory on Socio-Emtionals Development of Children1435 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesAttachment Theory: One of the most studied topics in today’s psychology is the attachment theory whose common references are from attachment models by Bowlby and Ainsworth. Since its introduction, the concept has developed to become one of the most significant theoretical schemes for understanding the socio-emotional development of children at an early stage. In addition, the theory is also developing into one of the most prominent models that guide parent-child relationships. Some of the keyRead MoreChild Care Services1536 Words   |  7 PagesChild Care Services, that include first, custodial services concerning health, hygiene and safety of children, second, child development services covering socialization, language skill and personality development and third, pre-school services ranging from informal learning to formal educational preparatory learning from elementary schools, was appeared to be initiated in France in 1770 in the name of â€Å"Salles d’asile† (asylum room) for serving the interest of working women. Along with custodial servicesRead MoreThe Theory Of Development Concepts And Applications By William Crain1076 Words   |  5 PagesOur home was one of somewhat traditional roles in terms of family dynamic.   I worked long hours away from the home and didn t have the one on one  contact with our children  that my wife had, and enjoyed.   I of course got the play-by-play from her, but in hind sight, I was deprived of so many beautiful observations.   Our text Theories of Development Concepts and Applications by William Crain  outlines human development by many theorists.   A few of those are  John Bowlby,  Mary D.S. Ainsworth,  and  Ã‚  ErikRead MoreThe Effects Of Personal Attachment Style On Romantic Relationship Satisfaction1718 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Personal Attachment Style on Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Our earliest relationships in life can be deeply formative in shaping our development. Created by John Bowlby, attachment theory relates the importance of attachment in regards to personal development. According to Bowlby, attachment is the leading factor in our ability to form and maintain relationships as adults (Levy 2012, pg. 157). As human beings, we need to feel as if we belong (Cherry, 2016). We find this belongingnessRead MoreMy Point Of View Attachment Theory1033 Words   |  5 PagesMain Post Attachment theory is defined as the characters associated with the long term associated of human beings. From my point of view attachment is a lasting, secure and positive bond between a child and a caregiver, a reciprocal relationship. John Bowlby who used his knowledge in developmental psychology, psychoanalysis, ethology, and data processing to base his principle of the theory developed attachment theory. John Bowlby believed that attachment theory was on of the four essential behavioral

Kolb Learning Methods free essay sample

Based on the descriptions in the text, where do you see yourself on the Kolb Inventory? I see myself on the Kolb Inventory as reflective observation. Reflective observation is the abilities which help learners to reflect on their experiences from many perspectives. After reading about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, determine which personality is most like you (e. g. ENT]). After reading about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, I have determined that The Thinking verses Feeling; logic or values fits me. Thinking types are usually logical, rational, analytical, and critical. That describes me; I always want o know why this or whats going to happen next, If I dont do this, what am I up against? Im always weighing my options. Feelings are types that are typically warm, empathic, sympathetic, and interested in the happiness of others as well as themselves. I find myself sympathetic at times and always interested in others happiness whether it involves me or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Kolb Learning Methods or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page List the results of the VARK and Multiple Intelligence Inventory learning assessments. The results for the VARK Learning Styles Inventory are as follows: Total number of Vs circled is 9 Total number of As circled is 9 Total number of Rs circled is 12 Total number of Ks circled is 12 The results for the Multiple Intelligence Inventory Learning are as follows: Verbal/ Linguistic Intelligence 2 Logical/Mathematical Intelligence 2 Visual/Spatial Intelligence 2 Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence 1 Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence 4 Interpersonal Intelligence 5 Intrapersonal Intelligence 1 Naturalist Intelligence 1 Look at your results, what similarities do you see? What are some of the differences that you see? The similarities I see are: I got a low score of visual in both VARK and Multiple Intelligence. The differences I see are: Bodily/Kinesthetic, in the Multiple Intelligence Inventory was low but in the VARK Learning Styles Inventory Kinesthetic, I scored high. Which learning strategy is most effective for you based on these four models? How will this knowledge make you a more effective college student? The learning strategy that is most effective for me based on these four models is the VARK Learning Styles Inventory. By using the VARK Learning Style the knowledge will make me a more effective student because it is different methods in learning with the VARK Style. With the VARK Style you can hear, visualize, read/write, and kinesthetic. I can very

Innovation Pathways Large Data Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Innovation Pathways Large Data Analysis. Answer: Introduction Ever since social media has gotten into the mainstream, there has been an explosion in its use, both for social and commercial purposes. As businesses seek to gain a greater market share, many have resorted to online advertising using paid up ads; however, social media advertising has gained even greater popularity as an advertising platform. Businesses need to make sense of the social media data by analyzing sentiments from comments in order to improve their products or develop a better understanding of their clientele. However, mining social media data, especially hash tags pose a challenge in that there are many variations in the quality and frequency of semantics usage. This creates a problem for automated data mining when approaches such as obtaining metadata of a hash tags lexical semantics, or mining information from the text associated with hash tags (contextual semantics). Sentiment analysis refers to the process of identifying and categorizing peoples opinions in text using computational approaches in order to understand the attitude of the writer towards a topic and is a fast growing research area (Medhat, Hassan, Korashy, 2014). Clustering entails grouping objects in a group based on their similarity. Semantics refers to logic aspects of language concerned with meaning (Daim, Chiavetta, Porter, Saritas, 2016). This thesis proposes a review of existing methods to solve the identified problems of semantic analysis by evaluating past research and developing a novel approach for clustering social media hash tag semantics. This is aimed at providing businesses with a better method for deriving sense and metrics from their social media activities to better understand their customers and product in a more accurate manner. Problem Statement The present approaches to sentiment analysis entail the use of symbolic techniques where every term (feature) is assigned a specific sentiment score to measure its intensity and direction as either being negative or positive. The score of a document is computed using aggregation techniques for the score for each term. Another approach to sentiment analysis is the approach of supervised machine learning where functions are inferred from training data that has been labeled. However, these techniques have drawbacks; the symbolic approach relies completely upon score terms to create a document class, yet the method is too simplistic and rudimentary and has high levels of inaccuracy to be used meaningfully. Further, the supervised learning, through an improvement over the symbolic technique, is very expensive since large quantities of training data is required and these must have their classes manually pre-defined (Li, Liu, 2012). As such, a better method for sentiment analysis is necess ary; the method should result in greater stability, efficiency, and accuracy as well as requiring little human input, and being as cost effective as possible. Background to the Problem People make comments and opinions on social media, using hash tags related to specific topics to give their opinions; to make sense of this opinions and use it for purposes such as improving products by businesses, the opinions are mined using computational approaches, a concept termed sentiment analysis (Medhat, Hassan, Korashy, 2014). The data sets used for sentiment analysis and how they are used are of immense importance in creating meanings upon which important decision s can be made. The methods commonly used include supervised machine learning and symbolic techniques. Symbolic techniques include approaches such as human scoring of sentiments on a scale ranging from positive to negative; for example, poor can be scored as negative. This is the simplest approach to sentiment analysis, but has the drawback of being highly subjective and inaccurate. To get better results, lexical databases such as WordNet are employed for scoring, but this is mainly for the English language where English words are grouped into sysnets and entails only scoring adjectives. The database defines relationships between synonyms allowing for scoring based on the distance or similarity between two words. Scoring can also be achieved through web search which works on a similar approach to WordNet where the familiarity of words is measured. The other approach of supervised machine learning entails the extraction of objective sentences from a document using either a 3 or 4 point scale using a technique of negation processing where ME (maximum entropy classification), NB (Nave Bayes classification) and SVM (support vector machine) are used (Li, Liu, 2012). These challenges are magnified when there are hash tags involved in sentiment analysis (Fernandez, Mart?nez-Barco, Gutierrez, Gomez, 2015).Using training data, the accuracy of the methods ranged between 73% and 83%, which are still low and better approaches to provide greater accuracy with little human input in an efficient manner are of great importance. Research Design This paper proposes the use of a descriptive qualitative research design in which past work will be reviewed and past algorithms as used in sentiment analysis evaluated for their merits and limitations. Works by past researchers in the field will also be reviewed for their suitability and practicality in solving the stated research problem; data and metadata to be used for identifying hash tag lexical semantics will be proposed and sense level algorithms developed and tested, using examples to demonstrate a novel method for clustering semantics used in social media This research thesis will, after reviewing and evaluating some of the popularly used approaches and algorithms in semantic analysis, propose the use of sense level semantic clustering based on metadata for hashtags and a hybrid method for clustering, employing consensus clustering. Using examples, this paper will demonstrate the accuracy of the hybrid approach in solving the research (and practical) problem with respect to efficient, simple, non-human mediated and efficient method for sentiment analysis. This will add to the existing body of research on sentiment analysis, specifically focusing on hashtag sentiments as used in social media, and geared towards helping businesses generate more accurate profiles of their products based on customer sentiments. References Daim, T., Chiavetta, D., Porter, A., Saritas, O. (2016). Anticipating Future Innovation Pathways Through Large Data Analysis (1st ed., p. 68). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Fernandez, J., Martinez-Barco, P., Gutierrez, Y., Gomez, J. (2015). GPLSI: Supervised Sentiment Analysis in Twitter using Skipgrams. In 8th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2014) (pp. 296-297). Alicante: University of Alicante, Department of Software and Computing Systems. Li, G., Liu, F. (2012). Application of a clustering method on sentiment analysis. Journal Of Information Science, 38(2), 127-139. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551511432670 Medhat, W., Hassan, A., Korashy, H. (2014). Sentiment analysis algorithms and applications: A survey. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 5(4), 1093-1113. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2014.04.011

Diary Of Anne Frank Essays - Dutch People, European People

Diary of Anne Frank The story Diary of Anne Frank was a very interesting book which showed the ways a group of Jewish people during the 1940's went about trying to conceal their identity and themselves. This story was a true story taken from a diary of a young girl during the incident. This was made into a play during 1955. This was praised as Frances Goodrich's and her husband Albert Hackett's most famous work as it was performed. The play was started in November of 1945. As Mr. Frank began to read the diary, it flashed back to July 1942 in an attic in Amsterdam because this was where the people were hiding and represented the type of place that Jews all over were living. The most important part of the play were the people who were acted out. They gave the play a sense of flavor and realism. Anne, a young German girl was particularly amusing because of the scuffles she and everyone around her seemed to have. Anne's Mother was a woman who was more traditional than anything else and wanted Anne to be more like a lady. One such person was Margot. As Anne's sister, she was very nice and didn't speak out and was very proper. The Frank's weren't the only ones in this attic, there were other people such as the Van Daans. Mr. Frank let them stay because they needed a place to hide and since they had helped him out so much in the past by actually teaching Mr. Frank German, he felt it was the least he could do. The Van Daans had a son which Anne later became interested in. Peter was the only person who Anne could understand and knew that Anne could understand him. They could both talk to each other freely when they were together. Dussel soon joined the group. He was only supposed to be up in the attic for a short time, but he ended up staying till the end. He had to leave his Dentistry to hide out from the Germans. These people would not of lasted too long without the help of Miep Gies and Mr. Kraler who gave them the necessities they needed to survive up in the attic for so long. All these people gave their own personality and views to add new dimensions to the play and make it more enjoyable. They all were believable by their realism and how they acted to certain situations. The play was about the conflicts and struggles two families living together for a long period of time seemed to get a bit crazy. In general, they were hiding from the Nazi's. During their hiding out, Anne and Peter soon found a friendship between each other and started talking building up a relationship after about 2 years of nothing. This story was a prime example of what tons of families and different people had to live through during these hard times. The play demonstrated it the way it was as people who are nice and happy at the beginning and start to crumble as the years go by. Mr. Van Daan crumbled because he started stealing food while he knew his own son was close to starving. I thought this was a very interesting play about several groups of people and how they were able to survive up in the attic for about 4 years in the attic with almost only themselves. I think this is a good book for people who like suspense as in if Anne and everyone else gets caught ultimately in the end of the play. It also would be good for someone who was learning how Jews lived during the 1940's with the Germans as a threat to their freedom.

12 HUGE Job Interview Mistakes to Avoid

12 HUGE Job Interview Mistakes to Avoid We’ve talked a lot here about ways to put your best foot forward during an interview. You know to come prepared, to master those tough interview questions, to dress professionally, and to project confidence. But what about bad habits and off-putting behavior you might not realize sneak into these important interactions? Here’s a list of  mistakes  to read over before any interview- avoid the following and you’ll be well on your way to getting hired. 1.  You’re too nervousEven if you’re so nervous you could pee, try and keep your cool. Present yourself at your best and most confident, even if you have to fake it. And never ever say you’re nervous. Your interviewer won’t think you can handle the job if the interview has you that shaken up!2. All you can talk about is moneyJust like on a first few date with someone new, it’s not a good idea to harp on compensation. Salary negotiations are important, but can (and should) be do ne at the end of the interview process. Focus instead on figuring out whether you’re a good fit for the company and vice versa.3. You tell the interviewer about your weaknessesUnless they explicitly ask you the old â€Å"What’s your biggest weakness?† question or you’ve got a great story of overcoming and self-improvement, hold your tongue. Focus on your strengths instead.4.  You appear too desperateThe time for making demands comes later. Early on, you’re trying to show the company that you can give them what they need- not the other way around. Desperation often looks like weakness. And asking for too much too soon can make you seem high-maintenance.5. All you can talk about is the perksOkay, so they have a swimming pool in the lobby and Summer Fridays and an ice cream truck. Or a Cadillac insurance policy. Shut up about it. Your employer will think you’re only after the job for the benefits, not the work. You’ll get the perks whe n you get the job!6. You use negative keywordsStrike all words like â€Å"terrible,† â€Å"awful,† â€Å"no good,† â€Å"very bad,† etc. from your interview vocabulary. Don’t talk about how â€Å"horrible† your last job was, or even how much you â€Å"hate† the new season of True Detective. You’ll sound bitter, disloyal, and like someone who won’t be a lot of fun to be around.7. You use words that come off as dismissive or passive aggressiveThere’s no way to not feel like a person is concealing something when you ask her how she is and she says, â€Å"fine.† It’s vague at best, dismissive at worst, and just makes you look incapable of clear and honest communication. Come up with something better!8.  You accidentally swearJust don’t do it. Even if your interviewer does. There’s a time and a place for four-letter words and the one hour in which you’re trying to make your best fir st impression is not that time.9.  You apologize too much during the interviewNever use â€Å"sorry† as conversation filler or to try and sound more polite. It can make you seem passive, indecisive, or worse- passive aggressive- and you won’t project the confidence you need to get the job.10.  You reveal too many personal mattersConsider â€Å"divorce,† â€Å"pregnant,† â€Å"sick,† and other personal life issue words forbidden for the interview. Don’t give your interviewer any reason to question your job performance.11.  You  use too many filler keywordsFiller words like â€Å"actually† and â€Å"just† are often conversational tics that don’t communicate much. â€Å"Actually† can also seem quite alienating when used to correct something the interviewer said. Focus instead on speaking clearly and concisely and communicating precisely what you mean to say.12.  You asked about the vacation packagesAsking a bout time off  and vacation packages at your interview makes it look like you can’t wait to max out your sick days and miss as much work as you can get away with. Save these important questions for the follow-up interviews or your HR rep.

Management, Leadership and Skills - Planning and Control Assignment

Management, Leadership and Skills - Planning and Control - Assignment Example Project management is incomplete without a good leader and project staff. These people combine their skills with technology and communication infrastructure to achieve project goals. However, increasing global competition has created multiple problems for project managers. Some of these problems include changes in goals, breakdowns in communication, unrealistic schedules, improper planning, ambiguity in goals, non-motivated and uncommitted workforce etc. In this fast-paced environment, it is therefore important to have good project managers who can overcome such issues. Project management is an integral part of the business entities now and organizations need strong project managers to lead various projects. The effectiveness of projects depends on the quality of management which is achieved by the hard work of people. In the field of project management, the workers and the staff associated with the project play an integral role in making it a success or a failure. In this research paper, project management has been discussed with in-depth details. Moreover, the role of project leaders and the impact of their leadership style on the motivation of people has also been analyzed critically. Theories related to leadership and motivation would add more value to the topic and make it more credible. Furthermore, the impact of good infrastructure in terms of smooth communication between project leaders and the project staff would also be studied deeply. The role and characteristics of project leaders heavily influence project management. According to Riaz et. al, literature has usually ignored the impact of project manager’s leadership capabilities on the success of projects as one of the most significant success factors. The authors have argued that project manager’s effective leadership style is vital for the success of projects.  

Biomes and Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biomes and Diversity - Essay Example The plants and animals of the earth are also important because of the recreational pleasure they provide us with. More people in America spend time watching wildlife than they do watching  movies  or sports†. In a way, people would benefit more in practical ways from the preservation of biodiversity. â€Å"At its heart, rewilding is based on living with the monster under the bed, since the big, scary animals that frightened us in childhood, and still do, are the fierce guardians of biodiversity. Without wolves, wolverines, grizzlies, black bears, mountain lions and jaguars, wild populations shift toward the herbivores, who proceed to eat plants into extinction, taking birds, bees, reptiles, amphibians and rodents with them. A tenet of ecology states that the world is green because carnivores eat herbivores. Yet the big carnivores continue to die out because we fear and hunt them and because they need more room than we preserve and connect.†Ã‚   Re-wilding is then done so that biodiversity survives and can expand to make produce more environmentally healthy habitats. If life a healthy habitat and ecosystem could be developed, the re-growth of natural environments for wildlife can help make a cleaner and healthier world to live in as long as human activities that negate biodiversity are lessened as well. Ganly, S. (2007) The Impact of Wildlife Extinction and the Importance of  Biodiversity. Retrieved from

Proposal assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal assignment - Essay Example The current learning support services offer two kinds of tutoring the drop in/ walk in tutoring and the group tutoring services. These two types of tutoring services have been very beneficial to students. However, there is need to establish peer guided group tutorial program. In this type of tutorial the instructor is a student that has gone through the same class and excelled. More than 600 college campuses around the world have registered success when using this type of tutoring around the world. Peer tutoring benefits both the tutor and the person receiving the tutoring. The student tutor will understand the subject or concept better, increasing confidence on the subject and the desire to learn other subjects. It also develops leadership skills. Peer guided tutoring helps the students being tutored be more at ease helping them concentrate more and understand better than when with a professional tutor (Falchikov and Blythman.21). Content related tutoring is another type of tutoring that can be integrated into the tutoring program. This type of tutoring involves a one on one discussion instead of group discussion. Unlike the walk in / drop in type of tutoring that is available in the university, I suggest a more elaborate program where the student makes an appointed with an assigned tutor and give the tutor the concept, topic or subject that he needs further instructions on. This ensures that the tutor prepares on the topic in advance has researched on it to ensure that the student is completely satisfied at the end of the session. Assignments are important part of course work. They help the lecturers asses if the student understood the important concepts taught in class. The aim of homework help sessions is not to do the homework for the student but to discuss the concept that the homework addresses. These help sessions are particularly helpful for mathematical

Identification of Prednisolone Acetate

Identification of Prednisolone Acetate IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DRUG The procured prednisolone acetate was identified and characterized based on the following parameters. ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES For the selected samples (drug + excipients) the following organoleptic properties were studied using descriptive terminology. Those were nature, odour and colour PARTITIONING BEHAVIOR OF PA IN DISTINCT LIPIDS: The percent partition coefficient of Prednisolone acetate in selected lipids was analyzed as elucidated elsewhere. On the part of the study/briefly, a mixture composed of melted lipid and 10mL of de-ionized water to this 10mg of PA was added. The resultant mixture was agitated reciprocally for one hour maintained at 50C above the lipid melting point. The quantity of lipid utilized was mentioned in table 1. The resultant dispersion was allowed to cool. Upon making cool both phases were separated by ultracentrifugation ( ) at 15,000 rpm and filtered. The drug content in supernatant was analyzed spectrophotometrically (240nm). The percent partition coefficient was predicted as follows: % partition = w1-w2/w1 x 100 W1 = Amount of drug added W2 = Amount of drug in aqueous phase DETERMINATION OF MELTING POINT PA melting point was determined by capillary method. Theoritical value was compared with practical value. LOSS ON DRYING This method measures the weight of volatile compounds or moisture of any kind which can be driven off under the specified conditions. Stoppered, shallow glass bottle was weighed and dried under the specified conditions. 2 grams of sample was accurately weighed and transferred to dried bottle. Then the loaded bottle was in electric oven, removed stopper and left near by it in drying chamber at 1050c for 2 hours at atmospheric pressure. After two hours the glass container was taken out from oven and weighed it again. The following formula was used for the calculation of LOD % LOD = Mass of test specimen – Mass of loaded bottle after drying/ Mass of sample – Mass of empty glass bottle IR SPECTROSCOPY OF DRUG Thin pellet was prepared using potassium bromide and drug in a ratio of 100:1 respectively. The molecular state of prednisolone acetate was studied using FTIR spectrometer. DSC PA thermogram was obtained in DSC 200 F3 Maia using empty aluminum pan as reference. The accurately weighed 2mg of sample was exposed to temperature range 0oc – 500oc under nitrogen atmosphere (flow rate: 60ml/min) at a heating rate of 10oc/min. UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER (WAVE LENGTH SELECTION) 10mg of drug was dissolved in 100mL of simulated nasal electrolyte solution (SNES) which results in 100Â µg/ml concentration solution. From this 25 Â µg/ml was prepared. A few ml of this solution is transferred into cuvette (path length of 10mm cell) and scanned in the wave length range of 200-400nm against SNES as blank in double beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer. COMPATIBILITY STUDIES OF LIPID AND SURFACTANT MIXTURE The selected mixtures of lipid and surfactant, lipid and cosurfactant were blended at different ratios like 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1. The blend was mixed for 10min and mixtures were observed visually for clarity (or) absence of turbidity. SOLUBILITY STUDIES OF PREDNISOLONE ACETATE The solubility of drug was estimated in different buffers, lipids, surfactant mixture ratios and solvents which are essential during development of formulation. IN DIFFERENT LIPIDS Test tube method was used for analysis of PA solubility in several solid lipids. To determine it 10mg of drug was placed to a test tube and temperature was maintained 50c higher/above the lipid melting point. The lipid was added an increase in quantity of 10mg till PA was solubilized completely and quantity of solid lipid needed for dissolution of drug was determined. IN VARIOUS RATIOS OF SURFACTANT MIXTURE The solubility of prednisolone acetate was investigated in numerous surfactant and co-surfactant ratios range from 1:1 to 4:1(Sur: Co-sur- Sur: Co-sur). Solubility studies were analyzed by adding an excess amount of PA in a 20 mL screw capped containers consisting different ratios of 10mL of each surfactant mixture. The mixtures were vortexed on orbital shaker at 50 rpm for 2 days at 37oc to enhance solubilization. After attaining equilibrium the samples were ultracentrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 30 min to separate the undissolved drug (PA) and supernatant was filtered through whatman filter paper. HPLC grade methanol was used to dilute the supernatant sample and these were filtered with 0.45 Â µm membrane filter. Then, the diluted samples were used to quantify the PA by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 240nm. IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS AND BUFFERS The excess quantity of drug was added to 10ml of different solvents includes pH 6, 6.4, 7, 7.4, 8 phosphate buffer, ethanol, double distilled water and methanol in a 25ml volumetric flask. Then flasks were properly capped and agitated at 37Â ±0.5oc in orbital shaker for 48 hours. The samples were filtered through whatman filter paper. The filtrate was diluted using suitable diluent and again filtered using 0.45Â µm membrane filters. Then samples were analyzed at 240nm by UV spectrophotometer. ds COMPATIBILITY STUDIES OF DRUG AND EXCIPIENTS The selected excipients were listed in GRAS (Generally recognized as safe by FDA) and used in various pharmaceutical formulations. Which are procured from reputed national and international manufacturers. The study of compatibility between drug and excipients was followed as. DSC METHOD : Differential scanning calorimetry was carried out using DSC F3 Maia instrument to analyze the melting transitions and heat capacity changes of drug alone and physical mixtures. The physical mixtures were prepared by triturating the PA and excipients in the ratio of 1:10 in a mortar for five minutes. The samples (5mg) were loaded in aluminum pans, sealed hermitically and heated under inert gas i.e. nitrogen at the flow rate of 60mL /min at 10oc/min heating rate ranges/set from 0 oc to 500 oc. The standard reference was an empty alumina crucible. The above said parameters/ conditions were used to analyze the samples and thermograms of DSC recorded/ data recorded using proteus software. Samples analyzed for DSC and FTIR were followed as The above physical mixtures compatibility was also found by adding desired quantity of mixture in glass vials and subjected to 60 oc for 30 days. The physical appearance of mixture was not changed at the end of the study. FTIR API was mixed with different excipients separately and spectral analysis was carried out using FTIR to study the placebo interference. The pressed pellet method was used to study the FTIR spectral studies. In this analysis, test-excipient mixture and potassium bromide were taken in the ratio of 1:100. The mixture when placed in hydraulic press under vacuum pressure of 800 mPa resulted in the formation of compressed thin transparent disc. The molecular states of samples were traced/determined between 4000-1000 cm-1 using Bruker FTIR spectrophotometer. The obtained IR spectra’s were evaluated to determine interactions. The data mentioned in table . Graphical representation shown/given in figure . METHOD DEVELOPMENT OF PREDNISOLONE ACETATE A survey of literature had showed that different instrumental methods like UV, HPLC, and HPTLC were reported for the quantification of prednisolone acetate. The present research work focused on development of UV spectroscopic method for dissolution samples estimation and HPLC for drug content, dissolution and bioanalytical quantification. Preparation of simulated nasal electrolyte solution(SNES) A solution of SNES was prepared by adding 8.77g of sodium chloride, 2.98g of potassium chloride, 0.45g of calcium chloride in water and finally made the volume to 100 mL resulting in pH 5.5. UV-Vis METHOD Stock solution prepartion 100mg of test sample was accurately weighed, transferred into 100 mL volumetric flask. To this little quantity of ethanol was added to dissolve the sample and made the volume up to 100ml using SNES (pH5.5) to get 1000Â µg/ml concentration stock solution. Prepartion of Linearity plot From the above stock solution 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5ml were transferred in separate 100 mL volumetric flasks and diluted up to the mark with SNES to produce 5, 10,15, 20, 25 Â µg/ml concentrations respectively. The absorbance of each concentration was recorded in 1cm cell with SNES as blank at 240nm using Shimadzu, UV spectrophotometer. This procedure was done over for 3 times. With concentration on x-axis and absorbance on y-axis a calibration graph was constructed. Inter day and intraday studies were carried out for the determination of accuracy and precision using 1,5,10 Â µg/ml standard concentration solutions. The readings were tabulated in table and figure . HPLC METHOD PSEUDOTERNARY PHASE DIAGRAM CNSTRUCTION To construct the phase diagrams (prosim 1.0 software) hot water titration method was used. Through these phase diagrams components concentration range was investigated which can be results in existence of large microemulsion area. The surfactants used were tween 80,60,20, Cremophor RH40 and cosurfactants were ethanol, PEG 400. The surfactant and cosurfactants was blended in fixed weight ratios such as 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1. Solid lipids were tristearin, tripalmitin, GMS, stearic acid, Palmitic acid, cetyl palmitate. Lipid was melted at 65oc to this required quantity of hot surfactant mixture was added followed by adding water drop by drop to mixture under stirring with magnetic stirrer until turbidity formed. DEVELOPMENT OF DRUG LOADED MICROEMULSIONS From each phase diagram ME area was calculated by using CAD software. From each lipid, based on the above area values highest area of phase diagram was selected then the ME formulations were taken at required component weight ratios. The procedure of desired microemulsion was as follows. Required amount of lipid heated at 65oc in this 10mg of PA was dissolved. Heated SM and water was added to the above melted lipid mixture under stirring. The mixture was categorized as microemulsions if melt was appeared clear. Then mixture was considered as microemulsion. SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES PREPAR TION USING PROBE SONICATOR PA SLNs were prepared by hot lipid microemulsion technique. Drug loaded ME procedure was aforementioned in page No . 2mL of loaded ME was taken in a glass syringe using 22 gauge needle. Then it was added dropwise to a 3mL of cold de-ionized water under ice bath (2-4oc) and sonicated by probe sonicator for different time periods (5, 10, 15 min) specified by box behnken design at 200w amplitude to solidify the SLNs. The tip diameter of probe 8mm was dipped in liquid of 10mm leads to reflecting upwards and wave moving downwards. DRUG CONTENT (ASSAY) DETERMINATION 1 mL of solid dispersion from the formulations selected for evaluation was transferred into 10mL volumetric flask and diluted up to the mark with methanol. Then the solution was subjected to ultracentrifugation for 15 min at 10,000 rpm. Then the supernatant was aspirated, filtered, suitably diluted and measured the absorbance at ÃŽ »max 243nm. The results given in Table HR TEM The surface morphology of prepared SLNs like particle size, particle shape and aggregation were analyzed by HRTEM operating at 120kv voltage. The samples were diluted properly, stained by 2% phosphotungistic acid. A drop of aqueous dispersion was placed /mounted on carbon coated 400mesh copper grids which is to be allowed for 5 min to dry the nanoparticles on grid before examination under IR lamp/AIR DRY and TEM images were recorded with mangnification range from 11500-50000x. PARTICLE POTENTIAL, SIZE AND POLYDISPERSITY INDEX(PI) For the prepared SLNs the mean particle size, zeta potential and PI were performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) with a zetasizer Nano – ZS90 (Malvern application center, banglore), model ZEN 3690 and equipped with 4mW, 633nm He-Ne laser. The measurements were made at the following conditions: Refractive index of medium: 1.330 Dielectric constant value: 78.5 Viscosity of dispersion medium: 0.8872 Temperature: 250c Then the samples (100Â µl) were diluted to 1mL with de-ionized water to prevent multi scattering and transferred in to a disposable zeta cuvettes to record the particle size. The size measurement angle was 900. The PI value was used to determine particle size distribution. The same instrument was used for the determination of zeta potential using an laser Doppler electrophoresis technique. Zeta potential value was calculated from the mean mobility of electrophoresis values by henry equation. The measurements were done in triplicate. ENTRAMENT EFFICIENCY % EE of the PA was studied by determining the unentrapped drug concentration in supernatant layer(aqueous layer). Accurately measured 5ml of (equivalent to 10mg of PA) nanoparticle dispersion was transferred to eppendorf centrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 15000 rpm for 30 min at -3oc using ultra cooling centrifuge. Then the supernatant was separated, diluted appropriately using SNES and filtered using 0.45 Â µm membrane filter. The filtered samples were estimated by using UV spectrophotometer at ÃŽ »max 240nm against blank. Encapsulation efficiency was determined using the equation. % EE = Quantity of drug added – weight of drug in aqueous phase/ mass of drug added x 100 INVITRO DIFFUSION STUDIES Dialysis bag method was used to determine invitro diffusion release profile of PA and using a USP dissolution apparatus II. Before using dialysis membrane was soaked in SNES for 12 hours and the molecular cutoff of membrane was between 12000-14000. The following conditions were used to carry out diffusion studies. The run speed of paddle: 100 rpm Diffusion medium: SNES (pH 5.5) Volume of medium: 500mL Temperature: 37Â ±0.5oc Time intervals: The SLNs dispersion containing the 10mg/5mL(amount equivalent to one dose of drug) was transferred in dialysis bag and tied at both ends. Then the it was suspended in the receptor compartment containing SNES pH 5.5. An aliquot of 5ml samples were removed at fixed time points from receptor medium. The same volume of fresh buffer was replaced after every time point to maintain constant buffer volume. The fresh buffer was also maintained at the same temperature(37Â ±0.5oc ) similar to sample. The PA concentration was estimated using UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 240nm against blank (SNES). The final optimized sample concentration was further determined by HPLC. The selected formulation results data were shown in Table and graphical representation in figure RELEASE KINETICS The release mechanism of drug from solid lipid nanoparticles were analyzed and determined by fitting the invitro release data to different kinetic models includes Zero, first order, higuchi and peppas-korsemayer. References UV-VISIBLE E.G.C. Clarke, Isolation and Identifeation of Drugs, volume 1 , The Pharmaceutical Press, London, 1978, p. 270

Students Need a Multicultural Classroom Essay -- Argumentative Persuas

Students Need a Multicultural Classroom I can identify with the multicultural concept of the classroom because I am African American, a woman, and a soon to be a teacher. This subject is one that is of extreme importance. The multicultural classroom is a learning environment that should be most effective because of the simple fact that it should encompass everyone. As a future teacher one of my goals for my classroom is to make it as diverse as possible. Not only because it should be a standard operating procedure, but because I feel students will be able to learn more effectively in an environment where they feel that their heritage is included. The definition of multiculturalism in Webster's Dictionary is "the existence, recognition or preservation of different cultures or cultural identities within a unified society." Therefore with this definition in mind a multicultural classroom is one that is the sum of all these things. A multicultural classroom is a learning environment that strives to reach all of its students, especially those of non-dominant ethnicities. In this environment students learn about the curriculum as well as their own cultural history. The aim of multicultural education is to ensure equity in education for all students and to help empower young people to make the world a better place both individually and collectively (Bigelow, 1993). Multicultural education is designed to help all students reach their full potential. Just about all teachers should have a desire to teach in a multicultural class because most classes in the United States of America contain at least one or two students of a differen t race or cultural background. This should not be considered a problem, but an asset because h... ...icultural Education: Development, Dimensions, and Challenges." Phi Delta Kappan. 75 (1), 22-28. Banks, J., and McGee, C. A. (Eds.). (1989). Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspectives. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Bigelow, W. (1993). "Limits of the New Multiculturalism: The 'Good' Children's Literature and the Quincentenary." Unpublished manuscript. Available from NECA. Dietrich Fairtest. (1990). Standardized Tests and our Children: A Guide to Testing Reform. Massachusetts: National Center for Fair and Open Testing. Greenfield, E., and Little, L. J. (1979). Childtimes: A Three Generation Memoir. New York: Harper Collins. Hughes, L. (1960). The Dreamkeeper and Other Poems. New York: Alfred Knopf. Lee, E. (1993). "Strategies for Building a Multicultural, Anti-racist Curriculum." Presented at the Books Project Seminar, Washington, DC, May 8, 1993.

Ethnocentrism Tendency Essay

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to believe that one’s ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and that all other groups are measured on one’s own cultural value. Ethnocentrism happens when one culture or nation places itself at the top of a self proclaimed hierarchy of cultures and nations and subsequently assigns other cultures and nations equivalent or lower value based on that scale. In other words, it is the proneness to think other cultures are of lesser worth because it is different from one’s own culture. Ethnocentrism helps to keep a culture from changing because it forces a culture to keep the same values and to be stubborn. If one culture bases other cultures off of their own hierarchy scale, then they are less likely to be open to accept changes that other cultures may have or want to bring to them because of the importance their own values and traditions. Cultural or ethnic groups develop traditions as a way to guide their population and to give guidelines in life. If one’s culture changes, then it may dismantle the entire society, causing confusion and chaos. For example, in the film, Dishonorable Killings: Punishing the Innocent, a man, who killed his own sister, explained that in his culture, family honor is extremely important because it represents the family as a whole in the community; it is more important than life. When a member, particularly a woman, dishonors the family, it shames the family and forces them to get rid the disgrace by killing her. Ethnocentrism can be both positive and negative for a cultural or ethnic group. It can be in a positive light because taking pride in beliefs and traditions elevates unity and solidarity among groups’ members, and it also strengthens the self-identity and self-esteem for individuals within those groups. It can also help societies establish and reinforce guidelines and expectations among coexisting people in all areas of the community. These expectations give societies the order and structure to hold them together, helping them run smoothly and allowing them to thrive. A negative view of ethnocentrism are the assumptions based on individuals’ own perception, that what works for them must work for others and that if it doesn’t, something is necessarily wrong, can cause harm, offense,  ill-feelings or otherwise put a damper on further relations between different societies. It could also cause oppression, prejudice, and cultural degradation, which can lead to actions ranging from conformity to violent protest.

Sixth Sense essays

Sixth Sense essays Many works of literature can be analyzed in many different ways. In the movie The Sixth Sense many aspects of the movie portray a great deal of religious symbolism. I will use the New Criticism approach to analyze these symbols. The uses of religious symbolism include Coles religious figurines taken from the church, the many trips and prayers in the chapel and the numerous prayers Coles says during the times he is frightened by the ghosts he sees. Coles religious figurines he has set up in his man-made red tent of Jesus, Virgin Mary and many angels is a way Cole tries to prevent the ghosts and demons from interfering with him. What is ironic about these figures is the fact that he stole them from a church, a religious building and betraying gods words of It is wrong to steal. Cole believes that these figures will allow god to protect him from these ghosts who he thinks are trying to kill him, but are really only trying to come to him for help as he thinks he is going to god for help with the figurines. Another ironic aspect to this is that Cole is afraid of the ghosts, but the only person he can talk to about his problems is the Doctor, who in turn is a ghost himself, who doesnt realize so. By keeping this distress to himself, Cole feels his life is uncontrollable and can not live a normal childhood like he would like. All of this is too much for a boy of young age to deal with, without the support of a older figure, bu t his mother still expects him to act like a normal child. Many times during the movie Cole visits the church sanctuary to pray to god for help. This location denotes good faith and godly duties, yet his youth is still plagued by the never-ending haunt of ghostly creature interfering with his conviction to god. The church denotes a false sense of a safe place in the movie. Cole often tells of the ghosts he sees, but i ...

Movie Fight Club essays

Movie Fight Club essays The movie, Fight Club, has many themes dealing with some of the class-discussed vocabulary. Through a scene by scene, and dialogue-based analysis of the movie, I have found that these themes are emphasized through discussions, interactions, and non-dialogue scenes between the main character, his imaginary sidekick and the society that has had such effect on the main character. Some of these themes or topics that are shared by both the movie and the class vocabulary appear randomly, sporadically, and repeatedly throughout the movie. Most of the scenes have mainly to do with the materialism in their society and its limits on the freedom, which the characters are trying to obtain. Others deal with how they, the movie's characters, feel a sense of alienation and this alienation distorts relationships developing due to their self-determination. There is also how family interactions help to shape our development on our vertical and horizontal relationships. Then finally, hedonism and how it affects the way we treat each other and how we interact within society. All the characters in the movie deal with and dissect these themes, in all that they say and how they react to the main characters disillusionment with his life; although the main characters are mostly the ones bringing the themes to the forefront of the movie. This any man, main character dislikes his life, even to the point that he is unable to sleep. He is disillusioned with his life, unhappy and does not understand why. And in order to feel anything he has to make a lot of bad choices to under go a life transformation. This transformation originates through his interactions and dealings with Tyler Durden, his alter ego and his imaginary friend. The main character remains without a name until in the end you, as the movie watcher, are lead to realize that he (the main chara...

Federal Express Secure Shipping Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Federal Express Secure Shipping - Research Paper Example Federal Express Custom Critical offers appropriate level of secure transportation of goods through secure standard operating procedures. Federal Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Smart Post, FedEx Freight, FedEx Office, FedEx Custom Critical are the global operating units of Federal Express Corporation. The organization has effectively controlled the security issues by effective transportation and shipping strategy in international market. The customized secure services of Federal Express have provided its clients several flexible options and choices. Through secure packing and shipment, the organization has been able to monitor its shipments with much more detailing. With the help of covert devices the organization is successfully monitoring air and ground shipments. From premium airfreight to chartered aircraft, the organization has provided a solution to achieve transportation and monitoring needs. The study will reveal the shipping activities of Federal Express. Moreover, the study wi ll determine how the organization has improved shipping security for the purpose of easy and comfortable access. Securing Transport Solutions Available multi-sized charter aircraft in global market has helped the organization to bring pace in the organization’s goods delivery process in global market. Collaboration with the exclusive-use charter vehicle has helped the organization to ship goods and services in quick period of time. ... FedEx generally handles the air transportation process. For the purpose of additional security Federal Express has provided direct flight options at all transfer points in global market. Effective and in-depth communication activities with all FedEx locations, hubs and ramps have secured the international shipping services of goods (Gadman, Gadman & Cooper, 2009). Continuous shipment tracking in the air and on the ground have secured the transportation and shipping services. Sealed and dedicated container vehicle and blue urgent tape have helped the organization to identify the freights in order to ensure the security of shipping throughout the transit. FedEx Critical is the leader within the freight industry. The organization is popular for its exceptional client services, individual shipment customization and 24/7 availability of freight and goods pickup and delivery services. The organization used to pickup and deliver several differentiated products. Secured features within the B usiness Several leading companies around the globe are trying to capitalize on the potential opportunities that have been developed and created due to the globalization and modern advanced technology. Now-a-days, the service industry is achieving significant growth as the taste and preference of modern age’s customer has changed dramatically. However, transport security of global client’s critical shipment is becoming more important. The organization has provided an array of effective secure features. Federal Express has an extensive range of exclusive delivery vehicles that helped the organization to provide door-to-door direct services throughout Canada and United States. Two-way proactive

Enterprise and business development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enterprise and business development - Essay Example Firestarter considers the supplier dynamics and aims at positioning itself in a position of relative advantage in a bid to maintain or increase its customer base. Supplier will become powerful if they are few and there is a heavy need for them to facilitate the main processes (Porter, 2008). The buyer power is a consideration that the competitive players in the food industry consider. The buyers have the ability to drive the prices down thus influencing the ability of firms such as Firestarter to dictate pricing terms. The number of buyers in the specific market ventured by Firestarter and other listed competitors, the switching cost of a buyer and importance of that buyer to the enterprise influence the model of strategic planning on pricing so as to keep at bay with the competition. Firestarter may be able to dictate prices if the cost of switching to the other suppliers is high and the presence of few powerful buyers. The capabilities of the competitors in this context, KFC, Costa, Dunkin Donuts, Starbucks and Muzz Buzz form a competition rivalry. It is through differentiation of products and services more than the other that one individual farm can achieve an advantage. For the case of Firestarter, offering a variety of products that are differentiated at better prices will make it have an edge over the competitors in the niche by achieving market attractiveness to the consumers in the U.K. Entering a new market poses threat especially in the event of high costs and time in entering the market (Porter, 2008). To be protected against compromising of a favorable competitive position, enterprises such as Firestarter ought to have economies of scale in the market and have protection of their innovations in products and services. This is a key consideration to be employed by Firestarter to protect itself from new entrants such as Muzz Buzz. Maintaining of durable and solid barriers to entry such as a strong and loyal base of consumers,

Philosophical discussion with a film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Philosophical discussion with a film - Essay Example The creation of an ideal superman and the philosophy of fighting for the good fo all and even killing for the same despite all personal feelings comprise the final theme of the movie. The ending might be controversial in some respects but the paper will defend his actions apart from relating my personal feelings regarding the same. The superman shows us a controversial philosophy of dealing with injustice with a bold face and taking the toughest decision of killing for good. The very concept behind the creation of a superman lies in something greater than human. But greater than human in what way is the main concern, i.e. should a superman be born with a bigger and wiser outlook towards life? Do we want to see him as more physically powerful than normal human beings or more psychological strong or be extremely benevolent and kind hearted which we are not capable of. We see a superman in our eyes and in our ways. My idea of a superman is someone who is extremely powerful and can easil y kill but will not kill and show his power unnecessarily. The provocation to show his power should be extremely strong in order to actually pour out his strength and go for a killing. Here the superman fits this criteria perfectly well and kills for a reason bigger than personal benefit. So here the superman is kind hearted and shows personal feelings for the loss like other human beings but he knows what is good for the world and does exactly that without being concerned about his personal gains. It is important to give ample chance to the victim for rectifying his mistakes and the superhero did the same too unlike he ormal state laws where a criminal is arrested and might be shot down without giving a fair chance for correction. So he is above the conventions and reason of human law. At this point I believe the Man of Steel satisfies the audience psychologically in being the super hero. A true hero whom people can idolize and worship and most importantly learn from under similar circumstances. This summer we got the pleasure to satisfy our fantasy instinct through the hero of the superheroes none other than Superman. Though the title Man of Steel nowhere reflects any indications of Superman in it, but the title itself re-boots the idea of the mystery and re-imagination of the background within it. This movie is the idea of a new version of the ever imaginative Superman story. Director Zack Synder tried to unfold his imagination which audience wants to see in their real life. Now there are several questions which has been arrived. Critics have various points to rate a film. This gets a first critical view in the aspect that it shows superman in a totally different aspect. The major critic that took place is that superman here is very serious, conservative, always frustrated, chiseled and handsome but not interested in any kind of romantic affairs. He is always trying to defend the planet earth from the evil eyes of Krypton another imaginary planet from where actually superman belongs to. But as he became the son of the earth and got attached with the upbringing atmosphere he now took this as a duty to protect earth from any bad force. Many critics have complained about the movie that the movie has too much action which was not actually required. But according to my point of view I will say that though it was full of action but the use of the plot was good and effective. This is because I think the director wanted to

Strategic Imperative of Marketing Management Essay Example for Free

Strategic Imperative of Marketing Management Essay Discuss the strategic imperative of marketing management to the success of business organizations. In my opinion, the marketing strategy that the management department from a company or organization develops is a central role or one of the most important strategies that companies have to analyze in order to be successful on the product or service that they are promoting. As stated on the Marketing Management book by Philip Kotler and Kevin Keller; â€Å"Successful marketing requires companies to have capabilities such as understanding customer value, creating customer value, delivering customer value, capturing customer value, and sustaining customer value. † The strategic imperative of marketing may be exposed using a basic study which is called the SWOT analysis; it focuses on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the business. The strengths of the business relates to the product and consumer perception. The weaknesses analysis is just as critical for the long-term success. The opportunities come up from favorable conditions, including social and cultural advantages. And the threats come up from factors such as changes in the economy and the presence of new, powerful competitors. The relationship between a company and its customers is one of the main key factors to develop, maintain and or change if necessary a marketing strategy. Business success requires a steady commitment to the customer. This commitment includes a mindset of understanding the customers world. Understanding the customer’s wants and needs provides the business with a greater opportunity to earn loyal customers, and toward what you can do to improve the life of your customers. Ready access, increased knowledge and rapid speed of decision-making are the drivers for customer wants and decisions. If organizations fail to keep up with the speed of customer decision-making and fail to adapt quickly to changes the businesses will loss. Other factors to be successful might be considered when developing the marketing strategy. Such as: product awareness and branding. Without product awareness, consumers wont know about its availability and lack of branding will result in consumers quickly forgetting about the product and its significance on their lives.

Essay --

E-wallet http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-06-14/news/39976342_1_e-wallet-facility-airtel-money-flipkart Can e-wallet be used for retail transactions? Telecom companies have already started using e-wallet. For special recharges, you can pay by using your current mobile balance. Mobile Payments Introduction A mobile payment can be defined as the purchase of a product or service by using mobile phone in the payment process. This does not include related mobile financial services such as mobile banking and C2C transfers. According to a report of Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI)and market research firm IMRB international, mobile internet users are going to cross 155 million mark in India by the end of March 2014 which marks growth of about 20 percent quarter-on-quarter. The growing of e-commerce along with the availability and convenience of internet through high end smart phones has increased the viability of mobile payments in the recent years. The mobile payment industry Already 80% of the mobile phone users have access to the mobile internet and most of them are using them for performing commercial and financial transactions in a manner similar to PC-based internet connectivity. Customer’s acceptance of mobile payments procedures mainly depends on †¢ Cost – includes buying of a new mobile phone, direct transaction costs, fixed usage costs and the cost of the merchant (e.g., integrating payment solution into the existing IT infrastructure) †¢ Security – includes authenticity, integrity, confidentiality, non-repudiation of transactions besides subjective security in the perception of customer †¢ Convenience – includes comfort and ease of use Mobile payment market segmentation: Mobile payment market ... ... billing is capped at US$50 per subscriber per month thereby limiting its use and reducing average transaction value. 3. Payment acceptance This is primarily a merchant-focussed payment solution. Instead of using mobile handsets for payments, smartphone applications and other accessories are used to enable customers and merchants to accept payments. Here, smartphone or a tablet becomes the POS terminal. Most of these are magnetic stripe readers that are plugged to the audio jack of the smartphone/tablet. These are mainly targeted at Small and Medium (SMBs) scale business merchants. PayPal, VeriFone, Intuit and Square are the major players in this segment. Payment acceptance market is the most dynamically growing space in the short term. Consumers benefit from the ease and convenience of making card payments with the availability of this medium at multiple locations. Essay -- E-wallet http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-06-14/news/39976342_1_e-wallet-facility-airtel-money-flipkart Can e-wallet be used for retail transactions? Telecom companies have already started using e-wallet. For special recharges, you can pay by using your current mobile balance. Mobile Payments Introduction A mobile payment can be defined as the purchase of a product or service by using mobile phone in the payment process. This does not include related mobile financial services such as mobile banking and C2C transfers. According to a report of Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI)and market research firm IMRB international, mobile internet users are going to cross 155 million mark in India by the end of March 2014 which marks growth of about 20 percent quarter-on-quarter. The growing of e-commerce along with the availability and convenience of internet through high end smart phones has increased the viability of mobile payments in the recent years. The mobile payment industry Already 80% of the mobile phone users have access to the mobile internet and most of them are using them for performing commercial and financial transactions in a manner similar to PC-based internet connectivity. Customer’s acceptance of mobile payments procedures mainly depends on †¢ Cost – includes buying of a new mobile phone, direct transaction costs, fixed usage costs and the cost of the merchant (e.g., integrating payment solution into the existing IT infrastructure) †¢ Security – includes authenticity, integrity, confidentiality, non-repudiation of transactions besides subjective security in the perception of customer †¢ Convenience – includes comfort and ease of use Mobile payment market segmentation: Mobile payment market ... ... billing is capped at US$50 per subscriber per month thereby limiting its use and reducing average transaction value. 3. Payment acceptance This is primarily a merchant-focussed payment solution. Instead of using mobile handsets for payments, smartphone applications and other accessories are used to enable customers and merchants to accept payments. Here, smartphone or a tablet becomes the POS terminal. Most of these are magnetic stripe readers that are plugged to the audio jack of the smartphone/tablet. These are mainly targeted at Small and Medium (SMBs) scale business merchants. PayPal, VeriFone, Intuit and Square are the major players in this segment. Payment acceptance market is the most dynamically growing space in the short term. Consumers benefit from the ease and convenience of making card payments with the availability of this medium at multiple locations.

Presumed Innocent

Entertainment has always consisted of law related movies. Legal movies are successful because of public interest in different types of legal cases and scenarios. An example of a successful legal movie is Presumed Innocent. The movie Presumed Innocent was produced in 1990. The movie stars Harrison Ford who plays Rusty Sabich, a prosecutor and right hand man of the district attorney Raymond Horgan. Rusty’s colleague Carolyn Polhemus is found dead in her apartment. She was said to be raped and murdered. Raymond puts Rusty in charge of her investigation.It is later exposed that Rusty has a previous affair with Carolyn Polhemus but made up with his wife. Polhemus dumped Rusty. At this time of the investigation, Horgan is undergoing a political campaign in order to keep his job. It turns out that Horgan loses the election to Nico Della Guardia. Along with Della Guardia comes his deputy, Tommy Molto. Della Guardia and Molto prosecute Rusty for Carolyn’s murder because of his f ormer affair with her. Sandy Stern becomes Rusty’s defense lawyer in the murder trial. The investigation by the defense team leads to the idea that Rusty was framed for Carolyn’s murder.The person of interest for the framing is Molto who wanted Rusty’s job (O’Cain). Della Guardia and Molto immediately gather evidence against Rusty. They find a beer glass with Rusty’s fingerprints on it in Polhemus’ apartment. This piece of evidence causes a lot of controversy throughout the trial. It is revealed that the beer glass is missing from the evidence room. Rusty discovers that Polhemus acquired a bribery file (B file) from Horgan. There was a case involving a man named Leon who paid $1,500 to get his case thrown out of court. It turns out that Polhemus was the one who set up the bribe.Rusty and Stern’s defense is that Della Guardia and Molto set up Rusty as part of a cover-up of a bribery case involving Molto. Stern never allows Rusty to tes tify throughout the trial because it might lead the jury to think he is guilty. The trial ends with Judge Lyttle dismissing the case because of a lack of physical evidence. Rusty is not guilty for the rape and murder of Polhemus. At the end of the movie, Rusty finds a hammer in the basement with blood on it. His wife confesses to killing Polhemus. The legal issues in Presumed Innocent include conflict of interests.Rusty faces a conflict of interest because he had an affair with Polhemus. They were once lovers and very intimate with each other. Then he becomes part of the case that is investigating her death. It was suspenseful while watching the trial knowing that Rusty and Polhemus had a secret affair that only Rusty and his wife knew about. If the news of this affair was brought out into the open the trial might not have been dismissed so easily. Because of the intimacy that Rusty and Polhemus shared at one point, there would be more suspicion towards him being charged for the rap e and death.When a defendant has this type of relationship with a victim usually there is more questioning of the ex-lover due to shared intimacy and possible attachment. Although it turns out that Rusty is not guilty of her death, it seems like he dodged some bullets as the previous affair was never taken into account. There could have been a lot more accusations if the affair was made public. Dismissing the case because of lack of physical evidence seems to be very realistic. It is understandable that without physical proof, Judge Lyttle is not able to make accurate rulings.A part of the movie that was very impressive was basically the last hour when the trial began. The trial felt very serious and real. It was easy to follow the cross examinations and the lawyers were acted out very well. Another aspect of the movie that was impressive was the flashbacks to Rusty and Polhemus’ relationship. It was very interesting to see how their relationship was and how they acted in fro nt of each other. At some points I had emotional connections to Polhemus and I genuinely felt bad about her death.She seemed to be a hard worker and the way she treated the young boy testifying against his mother in the beginning of the movie was touching. She seemed to be very caring and she wanted what was best for the young boy. Watching her interact with him was the first time that I felt very sorry for her vicious death. Another impressive part about the movie is that there was constant suspense as to whether Rusty would be found guilty or not guilty. The trial keeps you curious and anxious to find out the results.The relationships between all of the characters were also impressive especially Polhemus, Judge Lyttle, and Leon. It was shocking to find out that Polhemus set up the bribe for Leon and that Judge who took the money was actually the same Judge in Polhemus’ murder trial. The least impressive part of the movie was the way that it ended. It was clever to end the m ovie with Rusty’s wife confessing to the murder but personally, it seems that justice is not served for Polhemus. Polhemus’ murder went down as an unsolved case but now the viewer knows how it could be solved.It is understandable that the movie ends with a twist but there is no justice for Polhemus. Rusty’s wife gets to be a free woman and bears no legal consequences for murdering Polhemus. His wife would always nag Rusty about his ongoing obsession with Polhemus even though she was dead. Although it is terrible to cheat on a partner, it is not acceptable for Rusty’s wife to kill Polhemus in response to the affair. Any sympathy that I had for Rusty’s wife was dismissed at the end of the movie. There are many positive and negative aspects of the legal system in this movie.An example of a positive aspect acted out by the legal system illustrated in the movie is Judge Lyttle dismissing the case due to lack of clear evidence. It is common knowledge tha t there needs to be evident information to make a judgment but in the movie, Judge Lyttle may have dismissed the case very easily due to other factors. He was influenced by his participation in the missing B-file case. The B-file illustrated that he accepted bribes from Leon and he was probably nervous that the B-file might turn up somewhere. If the file was to show up, his career would be negatively impacted especially because he is a Judge.This example illustrates the corruption that could exist in the legal system that no one would find out about. It seems that Judge Lyttle used his powers to his own advantage to protect himself from being caught. Also, Stern and Horgan knew that Judge Lyttle was accepting bribes from Leon but Horgan was the one who gave the Judge a second chance. Average people may never be aware of this type of corruption that may occur in the legal system. In the beginning of the movie there is also political corruption within the legal system.Horgan puts Rust y in charge of the Polhemus case but then turns against him. Horgan claims that Rusty insisted on handling the case which makes it seem like Rusty might be covering up something. Watching law related movies can teach the public a lot about the legal system. Presumed Innocent illustrates the controversy of conflict of interests and some of the corruption that may take place within an investigation. Work Cited 1. O'Cain, Derek. â€Å"Presumed Innocent (1990) – Plot Summary. †Ã‚  The Internet Movie Database (IMDb). Web. 18 Feb. 2012. ;http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0100404/plotsummary;

Geography Pedestrian Survey

For this survey, the whole class worked as a group. We started by being given a grided map of Halifax's Central Business District and a small area surrounding it. Our teacher kept a copy of this as the master map. Each square on the map could be identified like the one below. This made identification of points easy. On this map there were (number) points marked by dots (see above) in the Central Business District and beyond. These were then grouped together into groups of approximately seven. The class was then split into pairs, and each pair was then allocated one of the groups of dots. The reason for working in pairs is so that one person could time and one could count the people passing. It was also for safety reasons. Before we started the count, we worked out some rules or guidelines for the whole class to follow. These were to * To count all people that passed, including babies in prams. * To not count pets/ animals * To count everyone on ONE side of the road only, except in precinct locations where everyone in the precinct was counted. A time limit of 5 minutes per point was decided. Each pair then went to their separate points to start counting/ timing. My pair had 6 points to count, so for 3 points person A timed and person B counted, and for the other 3 points, person A counted and B timed. The timer was started at the same time as the other half of the pair began counting. Every person was recorded as a tally on a table like the one below. Each point was named as the grid reference of the square it was in. After 5 minutes the timer was stopped, and the tally totalled. This was repeated for all 6 points. After they had all been done, we reported back and recorded our results on the master map along with the rest of the groups' results. We were all given a copy of this map so we had records for all the points surveyed. We used a tally to count al the pedestrians as it is easy to put a dash for every person and the results could be totalled quickly. This was especially useful in busy locations, where large groups of people were passing at once. We set the time limit because then the whole groups' results would be done over that amount of time. The time limit was set as 5 minutes because this would give us a reasonable time to count for, and the results would not be too high or too low. Problems/ Anomalies Our particular pair did not encounter many problems, but many of the other groups did. The only problem we had that could have affected the results was that the point nearest the bus station could have been affected by buses coming in and out. At the time we counted there weren't many buses, so the tally could have been higher at a different time of day. Here is a list of the problems encountered, as well as some other things that could have affected the survey in any way, and how I overcame them. * The weather, day of the week, date and time were recorded because any of these may have affected the survey. For example, the weather could affect the survey as if it was dry then there would be people outside than if it were raining. The day of the week could affect the survey because there would be a different number of people in town on weekdays than at weekends. The date was important, as there may be more people who would come into town at certain times of the year, for example at Christmas or at holiday seasons. The time of day could affect numbers of people if it was half day for example. Also the closing and opening times of shops must be taken into consideration. * In Halifax's Central Business District there are changes being made, and new buildings being built which occasionally meant that all pedestrians had to walk on one side of the road. This would have affected the results. * A very similar problem was that where roads were being resurfaced or dug up, pedestrians also had to walk around these, creating a disruption in pedestrian flow. * One pair found that they were standing outside the entrance to an office at lunch- time, so large groups of workers created an unusually high pedestrian density. This was because the survey was conducted around lunch- time. If it had been carried out at a different time of day then this would not have been a problem. * There were often a lot of people on streets that were important routes (to the bus station for example) this could mean that high pedestrian densities were found in areas where the other predictions of Central Business District properties weren't necessarily true. For example there may be poor shopping quality and a high pedestrian count if the road led to the Station. In this aspect the survey is flawed, but not many surveys are perfect. As so many points were done, one or two anomalies shouldn't matter too much. * The master map that was used to share out the points and on which all our results were recorded hadn't been photocopied very well. This meant that four points were presumed to be marks on the map and weren't given to anyone to survey. These were F5, F7, F8 and F10. No results were got for these points, but a reasonable estimate can be made using the results form previous surveys carried out at similar times on the same day of the week by another class. I also looked at the points in neighbouring grid squares to try and make a reasonable estimate. When these were compared with the results from the other group, they were found to be very similar. Anomalies * At F5, there were 147 pedestrians counted. This is a very high number for an area not really close to the centre of Halifax's Central Business District, or an area without department stores. This could have been because it is near Netto's and a busy newsagents and crossroads. Other Possible Problems * Groups of school children or any other unusually large groups of people in quiet areas could be a problem. * If a pair were counting outside the theatre and a film had just finished or was just starting, then more people would be around and also on the streets leading to it, especially if it was a new or popular film. * Large sales at big shops (e.g. the ‘Next' sale) often draw large crowds, and people will often queue to get in. This would also create pedestrian anomalies. Was The Survey Successful? These problems prove that the survey was not flawless but the results I got will give me an idea of pedestrian density in Halifax and where the busiest and most quiet areas are. I have covered everywhere in Halifax, but I don't feel that this would be very reasonable. There are gaps in the survey, but it would take a very long time and a lot of people to do a more accurate survey, and I don't think that the results I have would be further improved to make this worthwhile. I have enough data to be able to display in different ways and investigate further. In the next chapter I will start to evaluate these results and look for patterns and relationships. How Could the Survey Be Improved? The survey could have been improved by any of the following methods- * Counting at more points to get a more accurate result. * Repeating the survey at different times on different days, or at the same time on the same day a week later and comparing the results. If this was done, a more accurate picture could be seen, and anomalies more easily spotted. Land Use Survey To carry out this survey, I got a map of Halifax that was on a large enough scale to have every building in it's Central Business District on it. I then thought of all the possible land uses of the buildings in the Central Business District and put them into groups of similar uses e.g. chain stores/ department stores. I then assigned a letter and colour to each of these groups. I gave each group a letter because this could be written onto the map when I was in Halifax and was easier than taking a lot of coloured pencils. I gave each a colour so that I could colour each shop when I got home to make the results clearer. I then went into Halifax to carry out the survey. To carry out this survey I took the map of Halifax ‘s Central Business District, the key and a pencil to mark the letter on each building. I started in one corner of Halifax and walked along every street, marking the buildings as I went. To do the whole of Halifax would have been unreasonable, so I decided to mark groups of similar buildings, even if there may have been the odd one which wasn't in that category. I also went into the Tourist Information to find some more maps and information on Halifax. These helped me fill in any buildings that I had missed. Problems Here is a list of some of the problems that I encountered whilst carrying out the survey. * Some buildings had more than one use on different floors. In this case I recorded the most important use. In cases such as the Piece Hall, they were both classed as one type of shop, because most of the shops there are selling craft item or food. * The main problem I had was that Halifax is undergoing a lot of changes at the moment and a new set of shops was under construction in Woolshops. As the changes are very recent, none of the maps that I have show the new shops, and I had to either draw them in or colour the area as ‘under- construction'. By the time I have finished this project, the shops are likely to be finished, so it is possible that I can update the results then. * Some of the shops were so small that I couldn't fit a letter on them. To overcome this problem, I grouped shops of similar types. Possible Problems * If the town had been any bigger, then survey would have been much more difficult to do, as it would take hours to do every single shop. Was the Survey Successful? I think that the methods I used worked well and using a map and finishing the survey at home saved time. As the point of the survey is to get a general pattern of where the different types of land use that occur in Halifax's Central Business District, I don't think that colouring every single building would have been necessary. Colouring in blocks of similar shops saved time, and though some areas may not have been strictly accurate, the general pattern will not be affected. The survey will help show patterns and groups of similar shops as well as where the main shopping areas are, and where the main business areas are. It should also be related to the Peak Land Value Intersection, but I will investigate this in the next chapter. How Could the Survey Be Improved? The survey could have been improved by any of the following measures- * I could have looked at every single shop- this would have been possible if lots of people did the survey together and put their results together. * A newer map would have created a more up-to-date result. * An even bigger scale map would let me write the names of the shops on, but this isn't really necessary. Model Central Business District To start this survey, I firstly formulated some question to compare Halifax to a model Central Business District. I then got a map of Halifax and worked out where its centre was (See finding the centre of Halifax's Central Business District) and then used a compass to draw concentric circles moving outwards from the centre of Halifax. I drew 6 circles at equal intervals to represent the zones of Halifax's Central Business District and took this map into Halifax. Once in Halifax, I walked through each of the zones and answered the questions while I was there. I also used a map if I was unsure of any of the answers and this helped me when I was back at home. Every question was either a yes or no answer, so most of the time this wasn't a problem. I started in the innermost zone and answered all the questions while I was there, before moving outwards and answering all the questions for the next zone and so on until I had covered most of the areas on my map. Problems There were some problems that I encountered whilst doing this survey. These were- * It was often quite difficult to tell exactly where the zones started and finished, and some zones included a lot of road and some didn't contain any. * Some questions, like the one about building height, are affected by the fact that Halifax's Central Business District buildings are protected. This is because they are of historical value and may mean that they aren't very tall. This would not normally be the case in a Central Business District. * Parking is actually allowed in Halifax's Central Business District but a lot of it is voucher parking. * Some questions were hard to answer; like ‘Wide range of shops?' and ‘high pedestrian counts?' because it was hard to tell where to put the boundaries between high and low pedestrian counts or high and low range of shops. * There are new shops being built at the moment, and it is likely that these will have a high shopping quality, but I can't be sure unless I see them. * It was hard to define the centre of Halifax in the first place, so if it were moved, I would possibly get very different results. * The zones were hard to define in the first place- I was unsure whether to have them as circles, or try to define them by looking at the properties of the different areas and drawing on zones to suit them. Was the Survey Successful? I think that the survey was successful and that using a questionnaire was a good idea. It gave me enough information to be able to make a reasonable comparison in the next chapter. The zones are very hard to define, but I chose to put them at regular intervals, leading out from the centre of the Central Business District. The survey will also help me find patterns, like the land- use survey, and give me a good all round view of the properties of Halifax's Central Business District. In the next chapter I will compare them to the properties of a model Central Business District and see how they relate to each other. How Could the Survey be Improved? The survey could possibly be improved by carrying out a more in-depth study of the position of the centre of the Central Business District. This would ensure that I got the positioning exactly right and zoning correct. This is the only way that I can think of to improve the survey.